Diarrhea

Both viruses and bacteria can cause diarrhea in children and adults. Another common cause is sensitivity or intolerance to certain foods. Diarrhea often resolves on its own within a few days without treatment, but it can sometimes be a sign of a more serious condition that requires further investigation. If diarrhea persists for a long time, it is important to seek medical attention.

Contents:

• Symptoms of diarrhea
• Causes of diarrhea
• Diagnosis and treatment
• Self-care instructions
• When to seek medical care?
• How Can Dokport Help?

Symptoms of diarrhea

Diarrhea often involves sudden, frequent, and watery bowel movements. Accompanying symptoms may include stomach pain, weakness, shaking, nausea, and vomiting. Other possible symptoms include bloating, gas, and fever. Generally, symptoms resolve within a few days, but it is important to monitor for signs of dehydration, as vomiting and diarrhea can disturb the body's electrolyte balance.

Signs of dehydration:

• Intense thirst
• Reduced urine output
• Dark urine
• Dry lips and skin
• Rapid heartbeat

If diarrhea continues for more than a week or if the stool color is abnormal, it may indicate an underlying condition that requires investigation. Pale, green, or yellow stools may warrant further evaluation.

Causes of diarrhea

Diarrhea can be a sign of sensitivity, infection, or illness. It is a common symptom of food poisoning, stomach viruses, or COVID-19. Traveler's diarrhea, which is common after trips abroad, can last for an extended period and weaken overall health.

Common causes of diarrhea:

• Infections – can be caused by viruses or bacteria
• Medications – antibiotics, for example, can disrupt the gut's bacterial balance
• Food allergies and intolerances – such as lactose, gluten, or milk protein
• Diet – low-fat, high-fiber, or high-sweetener diets may lead to digestive issues

Diarrhea can sometimes be linked to more severe conditions, such as intestinal infections or inflammatory bowel diseases, and may present with nausea and vomiting. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often causes chronic symptoms, including alternating diarrhea and constipation, as well as bloating.

Diagnosis and treatment

Most cases of diarrhea do not require treatment and resolve on their own. A diet with less fiber and more starch can help. Medications can sometimes help balance the gut, and in severe or prolonged cases, it is crucial to replenish lost fluids.

For persistent or severe symptoms, stool and blood tests may provide valuable diagnostic information. If necessary, a doctor may examine the intestines, esophagus, or stomach.

Self-care instructions

It is important to stay hydrated, especially for small children or during pregnancy. Certain medications, such as birth control pills, may lose effectiveness during bouts of diarrhea.

Tips for managing diarrhea:

• Eat small meals frequently to reduce the strain on the digestive system
• Add starchy foods to your diet, such as rice or oatmeal
• Avoid hard-to-digest foods and dairy products
• Drink plenty of fluids, and consider using oral rehydration solutions from a pharmacy or making your own

Oral rehydration solution recipe:

• 1 liter of water
• 6 teaspoons of sugar
• 1/2 teaspoon of salt
• (Optional: 2 teaspoons of juice for flavor)

Boil the water, let it cool, and mix in the sugar and salt.

When to seek medical care?

Contact a healthcare professional if diarrhea is severe or persists for more than three days without signs of improvement. Children often need medical attention sooner. Seek medical care if you have abdominal pain, high fever, general weakness, or if you are unable to manage the symptoms at home. Seek urgent care for sudden severe abdominal pain or black or bloody stools.

How Can Dokport Help?

At Dokport’s remote care clinic, you can easily get assistance for managing diarrhea. Our doctors will assess your symptoms through a chat consultation, provide treatment instructions, prescribe medication if needed, recommend follow-up care, and issue a sick leave certificate if necessary. If your situation requires it, we will refer you to an in-person visit or determine whether laboratory tests are needed.

Expert: Dr. Anna Sipilä, MD, Associate Professor of Experimental Internal Medicine